Heat transfer that takes place in the form of electromagnetic waves is known as:

The term for heat transfer that occurs through electromagnetic waves is radiation. This process does not require a medium, meaning that heat can be transferred through the vacuum of space. For example, the sun emits heat and light that travel through the vacuum of space to reach the Earth, showcasing how radiation works in a real-world context.

In contrast, convection involves the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) when they are heated. Conduction refers to heat transfer through direct contact between materials, where thermal energy moves from the hotter object to the cooler one. Direct flame contact pertains to burning or exposure to flames, rather than a method of heat transfer like radiation, convection, or conduction. Thus, radiation is distinctly characterized by its reliance on electromagnetic waves for the transfer of heat.